Class Model Normalization Outperforming Formal Concept Analysis approaches with AOC-posets

International audienceDesigning or reengineering class models in the domain of programming or modeling involves capturing technical and domain concepts , finding the right abstractions and avoiding duplications. Making this last task in a systematic way corresponds to a kind of model nor-malization. Several approaches have been proposed, that all converge towards the use of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). An extension of FCA to linked data, Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) helped to mine better reusable abstractions. But RCA relies on iteratively building concept lattices, which may cause a combinatorial explosion in the number of the built artifacts. In this paper, we investigate the use of an alternative RCA process, relying on a specific sub-order of the concept lattice (AOC-poset) which preserves the most relevant part of the normal form. We measure, on case studies from Java models extracted from Java code and from UML models, the practical reduction that AOC-posets bring to the normal form of the class model

Individualized Visits to Foster the Engagement and the re-visit in Museums

International audienceMuseums have become places that, besides conserving and storing artefacts, provide visitors with education and amusement. They now have to compete with the entertainment industry to attract visitors and expand their audience. The use of digital technology is emerging as a solution.While many studies focus on the visitor side, we are interested in tools for museum staff. To understand their needs and processes, we adopted a participatory and iterative design process, involving museum professionals as end-users at each step (i.e. user observation, design, prototyping, users tests). We conducted 7 meetings, 4 interviews studies and 2 experimental observations with 12 museum experts (communication, IT, public and content experts) from 5 institutions (Exhibition Centres, Science Centre, Archaeological Museum, Museum of Fine Arts).Our analysis revealed two issues faced by these museums. First, despite the recommendation of institutional documents, visitors service is almost never involved before the end of the exhibition design process. Thus, they have no mean to shape the scenography in order to adapt it to visitors. Second, we identified a strong need for encouraging local visitors’ engagement and revisit. Diversifying the visits is a solution considered by museums, but relying on temporary exhibits is too costly for small museums and creating thematic visits is not participatory enough.The creation of individualized visits, allowing visitors to explore existing exhibition on their own depending on their needs and desires, meets both challenges. We thus focus on the design of tools that empower museum professionals to create such visits. We identified that museums need, first, to collect more information about their visitors and, second, to be able to create, evolve and maintain the solutions on their own according to visitors needs. Our aim is to design a tool which respects these two key points and could enable the creation of personalized and dynamic museum visits

Évaluation des risques et de la complexité sur le contexte de la migration linguistique

International audienceLanguage Migration is a highly risky and complex process. Many authors have provided different ways to tackle down the problem, but it still not completely resolved, even-more it is considered almost impossible on many circumstances. Despite the approaches and solutions available, no work has been done on measuring the risks and complexity of a migration process based on the technological gap. In this article we contribute a first iteration on Language Migration complexity metrics, we apply and interpret metrics on an industrial project. We end the article with a discussion and proposing future works.La migration de langage est un processus hautement risqué et complexe. De nombreux auteurs ont proposé différentes manières d'aborder le problème, mais il n'est toujours pas complètement résolu, encore plus, il est considéré comme presque impossible dans de nombreuses circonstances. Malgré les approches et les solutions disponibles, aucun travail n'a été fait pour mesurer les risques et la complexité d'un processus de migration basé sur le décalage technologique. Dans cet article, nous contribuons à une première itération sur les métriques de complexité de la migration linguistique, nous appliquons et interprétons des métriques sur un projet industriel. Nous terminons l'article par une discussion et proposons des travaux futurs

Conception d’un Dispositif pour Interagir avec des Données Multidimensionnelles : Disco

National audienceThis paper presents the design of a new device, DISCO. In addition to the traditionnal mouse capabilities, DISCO offers multiple degrees of freedom suitable for multidimensioannl data manipulation. We present various usage scenarios and explore the handling of this device through two studies. First we observe the user’s hand posture on three versions of Disco with different form factors. Then we study the capabilities and limitations related to physical translations, rotations (yaw) and tilt (pitch, roll) on two versions of Disco according to three hand postures. Based on the results, we propose design guidelines to create interaction techniques that take benefit of the degrees of freedom of the device to interact with multidimensional data.En s’inspirant de travaux fondateurs proposant des souris à multiples degrés de liberté, cet article présente la conception d’un nouveau dispositif d’interaction basé sur le principe du culbuto : Disco. Nous présentons divers scénarii d’usage et explorons la manipulation de ce dispositif au travers de deux études. D’abord nous observons la prise en main de trois versions de Disco avec différents facteurs de forme. Ensuite nous étudions les capacités et limites liées à la translation, rotation (yaw) ou inclinaison (pitch, roll) physique de deux versions de Disco selon trois prises en main différentes. A partir des résultats nous proposons des guides de conception afin de créer des techniques d’interaction qui exploitent au mieux les différents degrés de liberté du dispositif pour interagir avec des données multidimensionnelles

The Roly-Poly Mouse: Designing a Rolling Input Device Unifying 2D and 3D Interaction

International audienceWe present the design and evaluation of the Roly-Poly Mouse (RPM), a rolling input device that combines the advantages of the mouse (position displacement) and of 3D devices (roll and rotation) to unify 2D and 3D interaction. Our first study explores RPM gesture amplitude and stability for different upper shapes (Hemispherical, Convex) and hand postures. 8 roll directions can be performed precisely and their amplitude is larger on Hemispherical RPM. As minor rolls affect translation, we propose a roll correction algorithm to support stable 2D pointing with RPM. We propose the use of compound gestures for 3D pointing and docking, and evaluate them against a commercial 3D device, the SpaceMouse. Our studies reveal that RPM performs 31% faster than the SpaceMouse for 3D pointing and equivalently for 3D rotation. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept integrated RPM prototype along with discussion on the various technical challenges to overcome to build a final integrated version of RPM

Guiding visitors in museums with calm interactions

We present two design solutions and an experimental platform that highlight the benefits of tangible interfaces in guiding visitors in museums while ensuring a better distribution of their attention between the exhibition and the guidance. We explore the use of the interactionattention continuum of Bakker et al. to design interfaces that allow the visitor to regulate his attention at different times of the visit. The Visiting Stick draws on the walking habits and the Marauder's Brochure extends the use of a recurring museum object, the visit brochure, by augmenting it with a dynamic display and various tactile and kinesthetic modalities. We have thus designed and built a physical experimental platform using several sensory channels: visual, audio and haptic (using heat, vibration and change of shape) to guide visitors. This platform will allow us in future work to compare the different modalities and their combination for guiding in the museum

Analysing Microsoft Access Projects: Building a model in a Partially Observable Domain

International audienceDue to the technology evolution, every IT Company migrates their software systems at least once. Reengineering tools build system models which are used for running software analysis. These models are traditionally built from source code analysis and information accessible by data extractors (that we call such information observable). In this article we present the case of Microsoft Access projects and how this kind of project is partially observable due to proprietary storing formats. We propose a novel approach for building models that allows us to overcome this problem by reverse engineering the development environment runtime through the usage of Microsoft COM interface. We validate our approach and implementation by fully replicating 10 projects, 8 of them industrial, based only on our model information. We measure the repli-cation performance by measuring the errors during the process and completeness of the product. We measure the replication error, by tracking replication operations. We used the scope and completeness measure to enact this error. Completeness is measured by the instrumentation of a simple and scoped diff based on a third source of information. We present extensive results and interpretations. We discuss the threats to validity, the possibility of other approaches and the technological restrictions of our solution

Reporting Context Aware Partial Translation engine based on immediate and delayed Rule application

Language migration has been the driver of many efforts resulting in multiple solutions and strategies. One of the most popular approaches for dealing with it is source code translation: it proposes to translate the source code of an application to a target language. For doing so it leverages a set of translation rules based on the grammatical constructions provided by the source and target languages. However, we notice that even when most of the literature acknowledges translating implies migrating the runtime, libraries and the Software Development Kit (SDK), none of them proposes a systematic way to solve this problem. Along with this, we notice that there are many proposals to shift the paradigm from procedural to object-oriented programming based on how to propose classes automatically. But we found nothing on how to translate the expressions that use functions into expressions that use methods. In the context of migration from Microsoft Access (MS Access) to web technologies, these two lacks threaten seriously any attempt to produce even a compilable version of the code on the target technology. This article proposes a translation engine that split the translation process into two phases. A phase of language translation, and a phase of adaptation to the target environment. The first phase is in charge of producing declarations, and the second one is in charge of adapting the usage of this declaration to fit the translated version of our artefacts. We argue that enabling to adapt the code to fit the translated version of our artefacts allows the definition of simple adapting rules able to deal with a large share of both problems: (i) runtime, libraries and the Software Development Kit (SDK), and (ii) simple paradigm shift. This article presents some basic adapting rules and validates our approach by translating a battery of simple tests that feature the usage of a carefully chosen set of features

Alce: Predicting Software Migration

The constant apparition of new technologies challenging and disrupting the way to develop software pushes dayby-day software migration to become more and more common. Despite the "normality" of software migration, it is a problem that had ruined more than one company in the past. It is no wonder that different methods to migrate software have been the driver of many efforts and the centre of many discussions for years, resulting in multiple solutions and strategies to accomplish the desired migration. However, there is a lack of efforts on how software reengineering can be used to assess the process of planning by measuring and predicting the cost of a migration. In this article, we present Alce, a software migration assessment and prediction tool under development in the context of a collaboration with Berger-Levrault, for migrating Microsoft Access applications. We present a simple use case that represents most of the usages we had given to the tool during the analysis and reporting of two different applications to be migrated, to assess the extremely hard task of planning a software migration. We present as well a second use for task definition and prioritisation in the process of library migration. We discuss future features based on the interaction with one of the project managers, and finally, we discuss the lack of software reengineering tools usage in the context of software migration